The present study is an attempt to examine to be involved in the dialogue about education systems around the world development practice. The term “working woman” is pregnant with undertones of a commonality of experience cutting across class, culture and country, uniting all who are working either for their own „self? or to support a family. Women, teachers by profession, who are educated, aware of their surroundings, their duties, responsibilities and their rights. It examines how far such women in India experience a nonsupportive work environment, gender discrimination and unending family expectations, and how they cope with the conflicting pressures of work and family. The study includes an analysis of views of single and married women teachers. Being teachers ourselves, we are particularly aware of the situation of Indian women teachers and our personal experiences .Teachers differ greatly in how much they teach their students, but little is known about which teacher attributes account for this. We estimate the causal effect of teacher subject knowledge on student achievement using within-teacher within-student variation, given that we need to compete globally in the 21st century; our education system should adopt certain benchmarking. techniques for improving instruction models and administrative procedures in universities/colleges to move forward.

Women aresupreme inspiration of men, children, and family members and she also builds the nation along with family by providing the good culture to their children. She has a strong heart to do any type of work form their family management to a country management.Housewife also known as household women house wives house managers and housekeepers, will existence the performance of household duties such as cooking, cleaning, purchasing, shopping and service providing to the all family members interms household women’s activities. In relation to the family domestic work can be understood as women’s daily routine duty as well as her responsibilities.The aim of this paper is to assess the whether housework is traditionally women profession?. As per as the present research design was concerned this study being a descriptive one a cross sectional study was carried out in Gulbarga city of North Karnataka. During the month of September 2013. The studied population were household women (n=100) between the age group of 18- 65 years.Results:The finding based on the analyzed data by using SPSS packages were researcher calculated for chi-square analysis to find association between two independent and dependent variables. The study reveals that 70.6 percent women below age 30 were agreeing that housework is traditionally women’s work.Similarly the opinion of respondents varied with their societal background too. With respect to the concept of housework is basically women’s work.Moreover, role and status of family women much dependent upon the perception of women towards household chores.

Under article 48 the organization of agriculture & animal husbanding , prohibiting the slaughter of cattle the state government were directed to take steps. Under Directive Principles of State Policy , in the Constitution of India by the 42th amendment act 1976 the state policy declared that “ the state shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment & to safeguard the forest & wild life the country. Art. 51 -A(g) specifically deals with the fundamental duty with respect to environment. It provides "it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life and to have compassion for living creatures.

The concept of slum and its definition may slightly vary depending upon the socioeconomic condition or local perception prevailing in the society but the general physical characteristics of most of the slums are found to be essentially same world-wide. Slums are usually a cluster of hutments with dilapidated and unstable structures having common toilet, lack of basic amenities, inadequate arrangement of drainage and disposal of solid waste and garbage (GOI report on Slum Population, 2005). Slums are highly unhygienic and disease prone. These areas are also breeding ground for various anti-social activities like crime, theft, burglary, drug-addiction and so on. When urban area on one hand is characterized by modern life-style, having access to latest technologies, higher level of educational attainment, high income, more opportunities, fashion and health conscious, better communication facilities on the other hand the urban poor and marginalized group suffers from adequate standard of living and access to health, education and meaningful and well paid employment opportunities

Having well designed grand rural employment generation to manual labour, MGNREGA launched new portals for women employment across the country. Women population and labour share are given due weightage in the act to enhance the opportunities for employment and income levels. It is the sustained effort of the academics and activists for the introduction act to reduce poverty among marginalized sections of the society. There are number of provisions which are clearly meant for female work force in rural India. The paper analysis Women participation in MGNREGA, Gender and MGNREGA and New Identity for Rural Women.

he purpose of this study was to reveal the aspects of computerized simulations in science and biology courses in secondary education. At the beginning of newly developed computer simulations in the science education area, the results showed some positive results but in some cases the applications of some simulations gave not significant changes than conventional instructional methods. Later, with the developing of simulations in science and biology areas, some of deficiencies have been overcome especially by means of the multimedia software and Internet applications. In the result, in science and biology courses simulations help the students to conceive scientific concepts and change misconceptions, to do some of the scientific experiments almost in real taste easily, and to have more positive attitudes toward science.

This paper presents a case study on the level of reliability provided by a power generator that supplies all electricity used in one refinery located in the state of Amazon as in Brazil. First, were analyzed its reliability, from data obtained in the field, as its not planned shutdown. These data were considered in the Weibull analysis and tables and graphs were constructed showing the level of reliability over time during the equipment operation. A few improvements in the system were implemented, and after this,a new study of there liability of the equipment was performed in way to prove the provided improvements.

Organizations are unique living organizations whose basic components are people. So organizations are made of the people, by the people and for the people. Therefore organization effectiveness depends upon the performance and development of the organization. People are backbone of the organization and most important assets of the organization. Without this asset the other assets of the organization are worthless. Therefore human resources need to be understood in a proper perspective manner and utilize effectively to achieve goals of the organization. This requires that people management must be managed wit and through other people. The management process of people consists of four steps; getting people, preparing people, activating people and retaining people. With diverse personality traits of people it is very difficult to handle them and to develop them. So it needs different approaches to manage and develop people

The present paper intends to focus on Enhancement of College Library in Teaching and Learning Process. It also makes a relationship between the library, literacy, teachinglearning and public growth. It feels that the mode of the library is influenced students from the college and university level. It presents a classic breakdown of the types of libraries and their functions in bringing about teaching and learning process amongst the teeming rural and city folks to endeavor at national escalation as well as enlargement.

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The present study was carried out to determine the histopathological effects of nicotine, one of the most significant components of tobacco, on liver and kidney of rat and ameliorative effect of curcumin on liver and kidney damage. Thirty adult albino rats were divided into three groups; control group, nicotine group and nicotine + curcumin group. The rats in nicotine and nicotine + curcumin groups were injected intraperitoneally with 2.5mg/Kg of nicotine every day for eight weeks. The rats in nicotine+ curcumin group were additionally given 80mg/Kg of curcumin by stomach tube after 10 minutes from nicotine injection for eight weeks. Five animals from each group were killed after six weeks while the rest were killed after eight weeks. Biochemical results showing increased Malondialdehyde (MA) and nitric oxide (NO) and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (Ca) in nicotine treated groups. While in nicotine + curcumin groups showing improvement of the previous results. The liver and kidney were removed for histopathological processing and examined by light microscopy. The histopathological results revealed time-dependent degeneration in the liver and kidney in nicotine group. Regenerative changes in nicotine + curcumin group were observed when compared with nicotine group, but the improvement was better after six weeks than eight weeks.

In the very old times, clergymen believed to bring news from the unseen, some of them claimed that their souls admitted all forms of nature because of purity; some others thought that genies informed them of the events that were about to happen. Anyway, awareness of the unseen secrets and knowledge about what is concealed has always been one of the merits claimed by clergymen since very old times. As nowadays fortunetellers, astrologists and prayerwriters, who are heir to those “pure-looking” old ones, consistently believe to own those qualities, and the public too, acknowledge this claim and believe in these convictions. In the cities of Ilam Province, there are some people who are practicing astrology and prayer-writing. Most of these people live in the villages and the suburbs. They use old prayer books and the Quran for prayer-writing. The objective of this study is to identify different forms of fortunetelling and prayers, the way fortunetelling and prayer-writing happen, and their anthropological analysis in the city of Ilam. In this study, a form of anthropology is applied which utilizes tools like interviews, participant observation and camera for collecting data. The results obtained from this study show that women acknowledge fortunetelling and prayerwriting more than men do; fortunetelling and prayer-writing do not belong to a specific class and still live on, like in the past. The main reasons people resort to them are fear of future, darkness of their past, disability to face problems of life, disappointment, despondency about life.

The ever-increasing development of commerce and internal and international commercial exchanges and necessity of speed and facility in merchant order and the role that asset flow and commercial exchanges volume have in political and economical destination of the countries ,was caused the governments by compiling specific criteria and provisions, provide merchant and businessman security. This security arose from necessity of regulation and arranging in commercial and trade affairs is for securing of the social order. Business documents such as promissory note and bill of exchange and check, with specific features and functions, have inevitably impact on the economy of each country and the social order. This research studies the role and station of business documents in social order and put this important as an itself supposed that business documents have an inevitably impact on the social order and security. The concept of social order as a basis for lubricating and order giving of legal actions is necessitous of compilation of laws that the atmosphere of peace and tranquility cause to flow in society. It is therefore to follow the result of this research is proposed that with updating rules and regulations related to business documents can gave range to improvement of the social order situation in light of the new needs.

In the very old times, clergymen believed to bring news from the unseen, some of them claimed that their souls admitted all forms of nature because of purity; some others thought that genies informed them of the events that were about to happen. Anyway, awareness of the unseen secrets and knowledge about what is concealed has always been one of the merits claimed by clergymen since very old times. As nowadays fortunetellers, astrologists and prayerwriters, who are heir to those “pure-looking” old ones, consistently believe to own those qualities, and the public too, acknowledge this claim and believe in these convictions. In the cities of Ilam Province, there are some people who are practicing astrology and prayer-writing. Most of these people live in the villages and the suburbs. They use old prayer books and the Quran for prayer-writing. The objective of this study is to identify different forms of fortunetelling and prayers, the way fortunetelling and prayer-writing happen, and their anthropological analysis in the city of Ilam. In this study, a form of anthropology is applied which utilizes tools like interviews, participant observation and camera for collecting data. The results obtained from this study show that women acknowledge fortunetelling and prayerwriting more than men do; fortunetelling and prayer-writing do not belong to a specific class and still live on, like in the past. The main reasons people resort to them are fear of future, darkness of their past, disability to face problems of life, disappointment, despondency about life.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of plyometric training to lower limbs for Pre-University college boys. For this purpose, forty men students studying various section in Mount carnal college Bangalore, were selected as subjects at random and they were divided randomly into two groups of twenty each, namely plyometric training to lower limbs group and control group.

A lot of sports officials, coaches, team managers, and athletes talk about the benefits and significance of sports psychology but rarely include it in their training regimen, the researcher initiated this work to assess and compare the personality Traits between the male sports and non sports person at Manav Rachna University. The descriptive research design was used to gather data about the personality Traits of male sports and non-sports person. Respondents were composed of 56 (28 Sports Person & 28 Non-sports person) males selected randomly from Daulat Ram College, University of Manav Rachna, with age ranging from 17-21 years, the selected category of sportsperson were having minimum intercollegiate level participation in their respective sport. The instrument used was the Manchester personality questionnaire (MPQ), a 90-item standardized questionnaire which measures 14 attributes of personality. The collected data was analyzed by employing descriptive statistics i.e. Mean and standard deviation followed by Independent sample‘t’ test, the sports person are ranging between average category to High category (i.e. 5-7), whereas the non-sports persons ranges between Low to High Average category (i.e. 3-6) for the selected sub-scales of the personality, whereas for the Big-5 factors the sports person are ranging between average category to High average category (i.e. 5-6), whereas the non-sports persons ranges between Low average to Average category (i.e. 4-5) for the selected sub-scales of the personality, a significant difference had been found as the value was found to be 4.517, which was significant at 0.05 level

The research is conducted regarding to Consumer Durable finance with reference to Bajaj Finserv. The today’s scenario finance sector is the most important part of the people. NBFC are finance provider to the consumer durable loan. Nowadays most of the NBFC are turning towards the consumer durable loans. In return, So the Bajaj Finservhas been provided the total major finance to customer and plays vital role in non-banking finance sector. The finance made by the Bajaj Finserv which is help to customer for purchasing consumer durable products.

Inclusive education has increasingly become a focus of debate in discussions about the development of educational policy and practice around the world (Farrell and Ainscow, 2002; Lindsay, 2007). Scholars like Pijl et al., (1997) have described inclusive education as a ‘global agenda’.Inclusive education, therefore, is now seen as central to human rights and equal opportunities and a priority policy objective of liberal democracies including India where Right to Education is constitutionalized. The teachers exposed to the traditional B.Ed. curriculum and the practicum in West Bengal reveals a colossal knowledge gap. They are often apprehensive about such inclusive classes and of the RTE Act 2009 and reportedly lack confidence in handling children with special needs. The B.Ed. course in the prevalent form in West Bengal offers only a theoretical paper on special and inclusive education, which is believed to be sufficient to train teachers for effective inclusive practices in real life inclusive classes. With major changes advocated by NCTE for quality teacher education in the nation, West Bengal too would undergo curricular reforms, but to what extent and in what form the concern for developing teachers for inclusive settings would be addressed remains a grey area till date. This paper remains a humble attempt at exploring the efficacy of the theory paper on Special Education taught in the prevalent B.Ed. Course on the teachers of West Bengal and the influence of personal experience with children with special needs in developing a favourable attitude to inclusive education. The study has been conducted on 400 secondary school teachers, both trained and untrained, from ten districts of east, west, north and southern parts of West Bengal. The findings of the study reveal significant factors like personal experience with children with special needs as crucial that must be taken cognizance of for developing teachers with a favourable attitude towards education of the children with special needs in regular classrooms.

Objectives of the study: 1. To find out the effect of parental acceptance rejection on mental health of College Going students. 2. To find out the effect of parental acceptance rejection on self-esteem of College Going students. 3. To find out the correlation ship between mental health and self-esteem of College Going students. Hypotheses: 1. Parental acceptance of college going students will be significantly high mental health than the rejection of college going students. 2. Parental acceptance of college going students will be significantly high self esteem than the rejection of college going students. 3. There is positive correlation between mental health and self-esteem of College Going students. Sample: For the final study 80 samples are selected from Aurangabad and they having the socio-economic status, age group and educational level. They are also having the different parental style. For the present study at the first parental acceptance rejection questioner used as a scrutiny test is administered for deciding the different parental style. From 80 samples among them 80 are selected for the present study. Which has 40 sample of accepted parenting style and 40 samples of rejected parenting style and gender and socio-economic status And Non- probability accidental and purposive sampling is used. Research Tools: 1. Parental Acceptance Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) 1973: Parental Acceptance Rejection Questionnaire constructed by Rohner R P., but the hindi adaptation by Dr. Jai Prakash 2. Mental Health Inventory (MHI): Mental health inventory (MHI) developed by Jagdish and Srivastav (1983) was utilized to access positive aspects of mental health. Self Esteem Inventory This test is developed and standardized by M S Prasad and G P Thakur for measuring self esteem. Conclusion: 1. Parental acceptance college students have significantly high self esteem than the parental rejection college students. 2. Parental acceptance college students have significantly high mental health than the parental rejection college students. 3. Positive correlation between self esteem and mental health among college students.

LOAN AND ADVANCES: A loan is a type of debt. Like all debt instruments, a loan entails the distribution of financial assets over time, between the lender and the borrower. The borrower initially does receive an amount of money from the lender, which they pay back, usually but not always in regular installments, to the lender. This service is generally provided at a cost, referred to as interest on the debt. A loan is of the annuity type if the amount paid periodically (for paying off and interest together) is fixed.

Today, Sugar Industries and sugarcane cultivators face critical mode of economy. It is very difficult to find out exact reasons behind it. This critical situation has been since last three years. During three years rain has been quite sufficient, irrigation and water supply facilities increased, sufficient power supply has been in rural area, water level in well has been sufficient, apart from this, farmers have got better price or rate of sugarcane. Government increased FRP by treating increase in price of sugar i.e. between 32 to 34 rupees per Kg. due to better prices of sugarcane; cultivators have been increasing the area of sugarcane cultivation. Impact of that there is excess production of sugarcane and sugar.

Branding permits customers to develop association with a brand and eases the purchase decision. According to Jabber, D. (2007.p.330.) Strong brands benefit consumers in that they provide quality certification, which can aid decision- making of purchasing. The study investigates youngster brand preference towards telecom service providers in Madurai city.

In this paper was carried out a study on the behavior of omposite materials with fiber of curaua (Ananas Erectifolius s.p. ) in matrix of epoxy resin, in different corrosive media such as oil, petroleum and water. The fiber at Amazonian origin presents a great potential, to relate good properties, low cost and low density. Molds were manufactured with dimensions that made possible obtain bodies of evidence according to the rules for mechanical tests, and a device with parallel slots and symmetrical, with the goal of placing the fibers with accuracy in all the cases of study and in this way guaranteeing that during the implementation of the matrix material does not change your position. From these molds were manufactured bodies of tests with different composition varying from 5% to 50 %, placing fiber also available in different size and from dust until the size as it is manufactured. After the healing process the bodies of evidence were subjected to mechanical tests of tensile, flexural and compression testing. Other test bodies were exposed to different corrosive media and were subsequently subjected to the same conditions of mechanical tests that the bodies of previous test. The fracture points were studied with electron microscopy to confer the union of the fiber with the Matrix, being the connection between fiber and matrix very important to achieve a good resistance non-composite. The results were processed using techniques of analysis and statistics were compared with the results obtained in the literature, showing excellent correspondence, determining the composition and distribution of the fibers more suitable for obtaining the greatest resistance second, implementation.

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Dioscorea hispida Dennst. belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae. In many parts of the world it is also called intoxicating yam. It is mainly used as a source of food in Nepal, Indonesia and North east India. It is also reported to have hypoglycemic activity, antitumour activity and analgesic activity. An ethnobotanical study is conducted to document traditional knowledge of native tribe Chenchus of Nallamala hills. It is observed for the first time that, tubers of Dioscorea hispida Dennst. are widely used by them as an aphrodisiac. The process of detoxification of tubers followed by them is also different from those followed in other areas.

Every Industry has been suffering from customer churn problem, but since last one decade a telephone companies are top most industry where lots of customer churn problem . Customer churn means a customer can leave their service or service provider & move to another service or service provider. This rate is increasing day by day in all telephone companies. The aim of this paper is to focus on customer problems and to prevent from churning. Data mining is one of the techniques which provide different methods & application to find out those customers who are going to churn & how to prevent them. This study is focus on only prepaid service users.

One outcome of healthy emotional development is increasing "emotional maturity". Emotional maturity should be regarded as relative, not final or absolute. Two, four or six years old are "emotionally mature". If they show capacity for emotional behavior that is true to their level of development even though all three groups are quite immature compared with the eighteen or twenty years old. The process of maturing emotionally is never complete, for a person in fairly good health mentally, continues to grow more "mature" in his attitude toward life and toward himself as long as he lives. Therefore when we say that a major aim of a good educational program is to help learners to gain in emotional maturity, what we mean is not the achievement of a certain end product that can be graded or rated on graduation day, but rather seeking to help the child in a process of development that continues long after most people leave school. The present study attempts to find out the emotional maturity of B.Ed. students. A random sample of 168 B.Ed. students from 6 colleges of education was selected in Madurai district. Data was analyzed by t-test. Results found that there is significant difference in emotional maturity of B.Ed. students with respect to gender, nativity, mother’s education and number of intimate friends. Finding also revealed that father’s education is not significantly differing in emotional maturity of B.Ed. students.

Madhya Pradesh which happens to be the state with largest area under forest cover is witnessing shrinking of forest according to a ‘Times of India’report quoting the recent estimates of Forest Survey of India. The report mentioned that the state was witnessing decrease in dense forest in many districts of the state including Sidhi, Mandla, Satna, Umaria, Jabalpur, Jhabua, East Nimar, Dewas, Chhindwara, Chhatarpur and Balaghat. In addition to the decline in the forest cover, the state in the process of making development, has also been witnessing several environmental issues like excessive mining causing large-scale pollution, decrease in agricultural land due to rapid urbanization around cities like Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur, Gwalior and others, shrinking of Upper Lake of Bhopal which is known as the lifeline of the city, continuously increasing pollution levels in the industrial cities like Singrauli and others.

Today’s life is full of chaos. From younger ones to older people every one suffers physically or psychologically in one way or other. The purpose of life is not sufferings or miseries.

The following article has the its theme the use of ommunication strategies in marketing in the credit union, stressing the advantages that the use of these bring to the cooperative venture. Communication strategies in marketing involves the marketing mix, which consists of using promotional tools to promote and create awareness to consumers about the products and services offered by the company, stimulating consumption. The credit union has the feature of dual nature, contemplating both the economic side when the social side of his associates, if becoming thus, a different financial institution. The research aimed to report the use of communication strategies in marketing to obtain advantages in the Cooperative Credit Free Admission Central South Brazilian Sicoob CREDIP, that gets the biggest rooms highlight in this industry in the state of Rondonia. Through applied evaulation and recorded interviews, we obtained, the current and planned use of communication strategies in marketing from the Sicoob CREDIPaccompanying the standard established by Confederation Sicoob system using promotional tools that provide greater visibility and viability in the competitive market with a view to increasing its associates and increased market share of the cooperative.

According to Cevasco (2012:09), since 1950 the "cultural studies" began to be an academic discipline in England and ideas as essentialism, nomadism; generalisations; resymbolisation and cultural hybridism and others began to circulate in academic productions the world contributing to the debate about the culture and identity in various fields, including history. The "Cultural Studies" has been trying to say in the Amazon including also the Master’sdegree in History and Cultural Studies from Federal University of Rondonia, bringing its bulging promising lines of research capable of stimulating the definition of new objects and the resumption of other already enshrined in this "umbrella". This article proposes only to look at some facts about Eric Alfred Nelson (1862 – 1939) and the beginning of Baptist Protestantism Church in the Amazon according to the in particular concept of Cultural Hybridism proposed by Peter Burke (2006) from Cultural Studies.

Peroxidase activities were screened in sixteen cultivars of Saudi dates in tamer stage. The date cultivars with highest peroxidise activity accompanied with enhancementof the intensity of the browning which was essential character in tamer.Cationic peroxidase I from Barni was purified using ammonium sulphate, ionexchange chromatography and gel filtration. Molecular weight of peroxidase I was 64 kDa. o-Phenylenediaminewas the best substrate for the enzyme compared to other substrates. The Km values of peroxidase I for H2O2, ophenylenediamine, guaiacol and o-dianisidine were 2.17, 5, 5.55 and 20 mM/ml, respectively. Peroxidase I was found to have temperature optimum at 40°C and the enzyme activity was remained stable up to 40°C. Peroxidase I exhibited broad pH optimum from 5.5 to 6. At 1 mM concentration, Fe3+ was able to greatly enhance the activity of peroxidase I by 334%. In conclusion, the characterization of peroxidase I could be useful in dates processing .

The concept of Secularism in the contemporary socio political discourse has emerged as the most baffling, intriguing, and a matter of great debate. On one hand some has referred it to be akin to mutual respect between religions, some have understood it in term of communal harmony and neutrality whereas on the other hand in some of the critical writings, it has been used has a minority appeasement policy, anti majoritism. Some has coined the term “Pseudo Secularism”. But whatever the notion it might have taken in its explanatory path we need to understand this very concept in its contextual setting.

Since September 11, 2001, impressive consideration has been given to the investigation of terrorism, yet insightful examination of the subject has really been dynamic for a very long while. With this expanded center, disarray has emerged as to the extremely importance of terrorism. Likewise, there are contending hypotheses concerning the circumstances and end results of terrorism, with commitments originating from economists, sociologists, therapists, and political researchers.

Business research reports document the progress and provide analyst with a means of comparing periods of time, project details, and history of growth. While Analyst may rely on a superior memory or the amount of profits companies make each year to gauge their progress, the data Analyst collects in reports can serve a number of important purposes. It can help formulate budget and marketing plans for the upcoming year. It also can allow to realize which products or services are the most successful, and which markets company may have overlooked.

Generally target marketing can be carried out in several different levels. They are Target-Market Strategies or Mass (Undifferentiated) Marketing: Choosing the Number of Markets to Target, Multi segment (Differentiated) Marketing, Concentrated Marketing or Niche Marketing, Micro Marketing or Single or Individual Marketing. Firms that compete in the global marketplace can use any combination of the segmenting strategies or none at all.

Globalization and unemployment are two phenomena which are amongst the most widely discussed subjects in the economic debate today. Often, globalization is regarded as being responsible for the increase in unemployment, particularly in unskilled labor. This book deals with the correlation between globalization and unemployment under various aspects: historical aspects of globalization, empirical trends and theoretical explanations of unemployment, effects of globalization in general and of European Monetary Union in particular on unemployment, labor market policy in a global economy, the impact of fiscal policy on unemployment in a global economy, as well as the effects of globalization on inflation and national stabilization policy. So, this research paper discusses about how globalization has generated in direct way and reduced in primary sector in indirect way, how it has boost up the various economies positively and negatively.

Remote sensing techniques that have been used in the study to delineate the hydrogeomorphology, and use/land cover and the lineaments of the area using SPOT and IRSIB visual products. A GIS is an information system that is designed to work data referenced by spatial or geographic coordinates. The quality of ground water in Visakhapatnam town in Andhra Pradesh has been studied. Various parameters, viz., pH, conductance, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium have been determined to evaluate its suitability for irrigation and domestic applications.

In Maharashtra it surprisingly evident that, although the syllabi of Physical Education for Secondary Schools in the state is in vogue (prepared by Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune), there is no research-based standard test battery available so far to assess the real status of physical fitness of the school children. Therefore, researcher had undertaken this study entitled, “Normative study of physical fitness components for secondary school children in Maharashtra state.”